Which type of reaction is responsible for forming macromolecules from monomers?

The formation of macromolecules from monomers occurs through a process known as dehydration synthesis. This reaction involves the joining of two monomer units, where a hydroxyl group (–OH) is removed from one monomer and a hydrogen atom (H) is removed from another, resulting in the release of a water molecule. This process links the two monomers together, forming a covalent bond and creating a larger polymer or macromolecule.

This mechanism is fundamental in forming various types of biological macromolecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids, where individual monomer units—like glucose for polysaccharides, amino acids for proteins, and nucleotides for nucleic acids—are combined through dehydration synthesis to build complex structures necessary for life.