Which property of carbon allows it to form complex molecules?

The ability of carbon to form multiple bonds is a fundamental property that allows it to create a wide variety of complex molecules. Carbon has four valence electrons, which means it can form four covalent bonds with other atoms. This versatility enables carbon to bond with itself and with other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and many more.

Moreover, carbon can form single, double, or triple bonds with itself or other elements, which increases the complexity of the structures it can create. Double and triple bonds allow for greater diversity in molecular shapes and arrangements, leading to the formation of various functional groups that are essential in biological molecules like proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.

This flexibility in bonding is crucial for the diversity of organic chemistry and underpins the complexity and functionality of life. Without this property, the variety and complexity of biological macromolecules would not be possible.