Which macromolecule is responsible for the storage of genetic information?

Nucleic acids are the macromolecules primarily responsible for the storage of genetic information in living organisms. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the most well-known type of nucleic acid, and it contains the instructions necessary for the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. The structure of DNA, which consists of a double helix formed by nucleotide sequences, allows it to store vast amounts of information in a stable form.

These nucleotides include the bases adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine, which pair in specific ways to encode genetic information. Nucleic acids are essential for the processes of replication, transcription, and translation, where genetic information is copied and expressed. While proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids play crucial roles in various biological functions—such as catalyzing reactions, providing energy, and forming cellular membranes—they do not serve as the primary repositories of genetic information.