Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for carrying genetic information?

The macromolecule that is primarily responsible for carrying genetic information is nucleic acids. Nucleic acids, which include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), serve as the blueprints for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.

DNA is particularly significant as it stores the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of living things. It has a double-helix structure and contains sequences of nucleotides (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) that encode information. This genetic information is crucial for processes like cell division, protein synthesis, and inheritance.

In contrast, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids play different roles in the body. Proteins are primarily involved in structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs, while carbohydrates serve as a major energy source and play roles in cell signaling. Lipids are important for storing energy, providing insulation, and forming biological membranes. Therefore, nucleic acids stand out for their unique role in storing and transmitting genetic information.