What is the significance of the sequence of nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids?

The sequence of nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids is crucial because it dictates the genetic information and instructions for protein synthesis. This sequence encodes the specific order of amino acids that will form proteins, which are essential for the structure and function of cells. Each triplet of bases, known as a codon, corresponds to a specific amino acid or a stop signal during the translation process, which takes place in the ribosomes of the cell. This precise arrangement ultimately determines how an organism's traits are expressed and how it responds to its environment.

While the bonding affinity of macromolecules, their structural shape, and their electric charge are important characteristics, they do not encapsulate the primary role of base sequences in nucleic acids. The genetic code represented by these sequences is foundational to all biological processes, making option B the most significant choice.