What is the primary function of nucleic acids?

Nucleic acids, which include DNA and RNA, serve a critical role in biology primarily by storing and transmitting genetic information. DNA contains the instructions necessary for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all living organisms and many viruses. It acts as a blueprint for biological structure and function by encoding the information required to build proteins, which are vital for a range of cellular processes.

RNA, on the other hand, plays a key role in translating this genetic information into proteins. It serves as a messenger between DNA and ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized. Furthermore, certain types of RNA, such as ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA, are directly involved in the protein synthesis process. Thus, the relationship between nucleic acids and genetic information is foundational to all forms of life, making the primary function of nucleic acids essential for the continuity of biological information across generations.

The other options reflect functions related to different macromolecules: proteins are typically responsible for providing energy and structural components, while lipid synthesis is not a function of nucleic acids but instead involves fatty acids and other lipid precursors.