What is a solution called if it has a pH of exactly 7?

A solution with a pH of exactly 7 is classified as a neutral solution. This means that the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in the solution is equal to the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH⁻). In pure water, which is considered a classic example of a neutral solution, the balance between these ions leads to a pH of 7 at 25°C (77°F).

When the pH is below 7, the solution is termed acidic, reflecting a higher concentration of hydrogen ions, and when the pH is above 7, it indicates a basic (or alkaline) solution with a greater concentration of hydroxide ions. Although water is an aqueous solution, which is a broader term simply indicating that it is a solution in water, the key term that specifically indicates the balance of H⁺ and OH⁻ ions and the neutrality of the solution is "neutral solution." This distinction highlights the importance of pH as a measure of acid-base characteristics in different types of solutions.