What does "enzyme specificity" refer to?

Enzyme specificity refers to the ability of an enzyme to select and catalyze a particular substrate. This characteristic is crucial because it determines how enzymes interact with different molecules and ensures that biochemical reactions occur efficiently and accurately. Enzymes have specific active site shapes that complement the shape of their substrates, allowing them to effectively bind and facilitate a chemical reaction.

This high degree of specificity enables enzymes to perform their roles in metabolism and other cellular processes with precision, reducing the likelihood of undesirable side reactions. For instance, a specific enzyme will only catalyze reactions for its designated substrate, which is essential for maintaining the proper functioning of biological systems.