What do enzymes primarily function as?

Enzymes primarily function as catalysts, which means they speed up chemical reactions within the body without being consumed in the process. They lower the activation energy required for reactions to occur, allowing metabolic processes to proceed at rates necessary for life. This catalytic activity is specific, meaning that each enzyme typically acts on a particular substrate or type of reaction.

In biological systems, enzymes play a critical role in various functions such as digestion, energy production, and DNA replication. Their ability to facilitate and regulate biochemical reactions is essential for maintaining cellular processes and overall homeostasis in living organisms. The specific structure of an enzyme, including its active site, allows it to bind specifically to its substrate, leading to a reaction that transforms the substrate into products. This property distinguishes enzymes from other types of proteins, highlighting their fundamental role in biochemistry.